Sky Fathers and Earth Mothers

We're More like the 21st Century BC than the 19th Century AD

One of the more interesting aspects of our present world is that its spirit is much more like that of Europe in the 21st Century BC than the 19th Century AD. How so? Well, such was the time when the spirit of the Earth Mother dominated; the world was a collection of fetid cities inhabited by unhealthy, serf-like people and matriarchal religious beliefs connected to the worship of demons. It was a world before the coming of the Indo-Europeans. But then they arrived and brought their Sky Father worship with them, along with its consequences, a tale still embedded in some of the myths central to the Western world.

The Sky Father is the representation of the paternalist, masculine impulse; the spiritual representation of the desire for heavenly glory and military conquest.¹ The Earth Mother is somewhat the opposite: it is the archetype of the womb, of smotherous safety and the eternal collective. Critically, it is the spirit of the Sky Father that has dominated during Western periods of greatness, whether of the triumph of Hellas over the Persians or Cortes over Montezuma’s empire of human sacrifice. Also important is that it is the spirit of the Earth Mother that rules our times of decay and stagnation, whether the Neolithic past or putrid present; it takes glory to be great, but festering fertility can happen in a stagnant world.

This article is largely based on a number of books and two essays. The first essay is by Lomez, the owner of Passage Press; called “What is the Longhouse,” it is about the neolithic longhouses and how the matriarchal, scolding society represented by them relates to our world.² The second essay is Heroes Rise // Monsters Fall, by Paulos; it is about the neolithic origins of the Medusa myth and what evil the Gorgons represent, along with the polygamous nature of pre-Indo-European Europe.³ As to books, all those of Professor Robert Drews are invaluable; they include Militarism and the Indo-Europeanizing of Europe, The End of the Bronze Age: Changes in Warfare and the Catastrophe ca. 1200 B.C., and The Coming of the Greeks. Also excellent are The Greeks and Greek Civilization by Professor Burkhardt and The Horse, the Wheel, and Language: How Bronze-Age Riders from the Eurasian Steppes Shaped the Modern World by Anthony. Finally, Against the Grain by Scott and The Eggs Benedict Option by R.E.N. are important for understanding the hellish conditions that existed amongst the Neolithic Early European Farmer societies.

Listen to this episode here:

Audio: Sky Father and Earth Mother

Greek Myth

The most interesting way to tell the tale of the worship of the Earth Mother and the subsequent rise of the Sky Father spirit is through the lens of Greek myth. The transition from Earth Mother to Sky Father is not only one the Bronze Age Greeks experienced, but recorded for us in their myths. Those myths are, of course, largely fable. But a kernel of truth about what happened those thousands of years ago remains, and it is invaluable in understanding the twin mindsets of our world.

Grecian Gaia

Take the myth central to Greek paganism: that of Gaia, Kronos and Zeus.

The Greek Tale

According to Hesiod, an 8th century BC Greek who wrote Theogony, it all began with four beings. First arose Chaos, the void state, utter nothingness. Following Chaos itself came Gaia, the Earth Mother and, according to Hesiod, "the ever-sure foundation of all.” Following her were Tartarus, the abyss in the depths of the Earth, and Eros, the primordial god of sex. So, in the beginning, came nothingness followed by the Earth Mother and her counterparts: lust and a dungeon.

Hesiod then tells us that from the Earth Mother, Gaia, came the primordial sky: Uranus. She then coupled with him and produced the Twelve Titans, amongst whom were Kronos, the deformed, one-eyed Cyclopes, and the similarly deformed Hecatoncheires, or hundred-handed monsters. So, the union of mother and son produces, amongst other titans deformed monsters and a usurper: Kronos.

Uranus, as might be expected, was horrified by the monstrous children his union with Gaia had produced: the Cyclopes and Hecatoncheires. So, Hesiod tells us, Uranus hid those monsters in Tartarus. Furious, Gaia convinced Kronos to castrate his father. This Kronos did with a sickle, becoming in the process king and ruling alongside his sister Rhea, the mother goddess whose name stems from the word for “earth.” So, as with Gaia, the Earth Mother remained on her throne.

What followed next was a similar parade of horrors. As Hesiod tells it, Rhea had six children with Kronos: Hestia, Demeter, Hera, Hades, Poseidon, and Zeus. Kronos, however, had been warned by Gaia that his children would overthrow him, so he ate them as Rhea bore them. But not Zeus. Though Kronos tried eating him, Rhea had secreted Zeus away and gave Kronos a rock to eat instead, pretending it to be her last boy. Kronos fell for the trick and soon Zeus was strong enough to overthrow his father, as his father had overthrown his grandfather. So, that he did, imprisoning Kronos in Tartarus, the hellish, pre-Titan dungeon.

It was then that the horrors stopped, and the Olympians ruled the Greeks we know, with things taking on a decidedly more understandable tone: the Sky Father was in charge, and his people could quest after glory rather than stew in hellish Tartarus.

Prehistory

That story is not unlike what we know from the earliest prehistory, discovered through archeology, of Neolithic Europe and what happened when those who became the Greeks arrived.

First, the description of the earliest days of humanity’s organization, the “creation of the world,” is remarkably symbolically accurate. Here is how one of the best-discovered, early Neolithic settlements, Catalhöyük, is described by R.E.N. in The Eggs Benedict Option (emphasis added):

Once Lubbock [the explorer] manages to access one of the houses via a trapdoor on the roof, he finds a familiar Neolithic domestic scene. Familiar, that is, until he turns and is confronted by a "monstrous scene of bulls bursting from the wall." Such twisted sculptures have some precedents at Neval Cori, for instance, an earlier site that featured a large bird, probably a vulture, with a woman's head in its talons, and bizarre half-human half-animal hybrids, but the figures at Catalhöyük are much more numerous and much more alarming. The walls around the bulls are decorated with geometric designs and handprints, but unlike the famous handprints found in Ice Age caves, these ones seem to be "more of a warning or a plea for help" than a welcome from the inhabitants.

As Lubbock journeys through the rest of Catalhöyük-"a nightmare vision of the world that farming has brought to these particular members of humankind"—he encounters strange figurines, including a woman sitting on a throne with a leopard on each side of her, their tails wrapping around her body, and everywhere those bulls, varying in pose from room to room, but "always shocking." In one room a pair of breasts project out from the wall, but the nipples are split apart and vulture, fox, and weasel skulls peer out from inside. "Motherhood itself is violently defiled."

A horrifying spectacle, and not unlike what is described by the early myths. First, there was chaos, nothingness—the state of being an unsettled hunter-gatherer. But then, from that chaos, was birthed the Earth Mother herself, paired with the pit of Tartarus and the flitting god of lust. Does the imagery from Catalhöyük not remind you of that? Split breasts with leering carrion-eaters peaking out from within, shocking bulls and animal-human hybrids not unlike the Minotaur of Crete, and a “nightmare vision” including a woman sitting on a throne with pleas for help studding the walls around her.

Paired with that, the Neolithics engaged in worship of the Earth Mother, Gaia, who was their goddess. As could be expected, they had idols of her that are still found amongst the ruins: “The Paleolithic female figures found in abundance from various excavation sites with exaggerated maternal organs, stand as an evidence, showing the popularity of Mother Goddess worship in prehistoric times.”⁴ One such figure was discovered in France in 2011.⁵ Similar figures seeming to represent Rhea have been found on Minoan Crete, the location of the Minotaur human sacrifice myth and one of the largest pre-Indo-European Greek civilizations.⁶ So, the Neolithics remembered and worshipped the Earth Mother, with their hellish houses festooned with similar imagery. Here is one such figure, the Earth Mother on her throne from Catalhöyük:⁷

By Sefer azeri - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=133117394

That mental picture is disturbing, to be sure, but also like the myth of the pre-Olympian Greeks. Is Gaia convincing her son to castrate her son and husband not motherhood being “violently defiled”? Are shocking horrors protruding from the walls, whether grotesque perversions of humanity like the breasts or “bizarre half-human half-animal hybrids” not Cyclopes and Hecatoncheires-style monstrosities?

There’s more. The gods the Olympians replaced, namely Gaia, Rhea, and the Titans, were the ones worshipped in the region before the arrival of the Indo-Europeans, brought to Hellas by the Anatolians who lived in hellish cities like Catalhöyük. As AJR Klopp, a writer of Indo-European historical fiction put it: “There are tantalizing clues to the older gods in some of the earliest works on the gods, like from Hesiod. Some references call these the Orphic gods, and some writers have speculated that before the Greeks the inhabitants worshipped an Earth-Mother (represented by a Cosmic Egg) and a serpent (often conflated with Tartarus). According to the Olympian origin stories the gods Zeus, Poseidon and Hera tossed out these previous gods - the serpent being flung into the pit of Tartarus. One can easily imagine this cosmogonical house-cleaning as an early propaganda coup for the Mycenaens to advertise the primacy of their rule over any predecessors.”⁸ Thus, the history of the region mirrors that of Hellas: the Titans and their predecessors were tossed into Tartarus by the Olympians when those who worshipped the Olympic gods arrived in Hellas and displaced the Titan worshippers.

Of course, Catalhöyük is in Anatolia, not Greece. Perhaps culture was wildly different across the Hellespont in the Neolithic world. But, then again, probably not. The gods Hesiod says the Olympians threw out were those who the pre-Indo-European Greeks, most of whom originated in Anatolia, worshipped. Thus, if the Anatolians, like those from Catalhöyük, settled Greece and brought their gods with them, it stands to reason that the cultures and city life were reasonably similar.

Further, it is the death of their gods and the world in which those gods were worshipped that ties in with the other likely true Greek myth: the death of Medusa.

The Slaying of Medusa and Burning of the Longhouse

The Medusa Myth

The Medusa myth is related by Hesiod as well, along with other sources. Though what is generally remembered of Medusa comes in the form of a poem from Ovid, that’s not the real story the Greeks believed. Rather, the real Medusa myth is much older, coming from the Bronze Age and overthrow of the pre-Olympian gods.

According to the original version, a king named Polydectes, one with an already vast harem, desired a woman named Danaë. She was, however, the mother of Perseus, a soldier who had no intention of letting her marry a despotic, greedy, and polygamous king. But Polydectes was insistent and clever, so he hatched a plot to neutralize Perseus and win Danaë. He demanded Perseus and others bring him a gift horse to a banquet he hosted, with the demanded gifts ostensibly being so he could win the hand of a woman named Hippodamia. Perseus, furious to begin with and proud to boot, was also poor, so he had no gift to give. Thus, when he asked if he could bring a different gift, the calculating Polydectes responded by holding Perseus to a pledge he had made, demanding he return with the head of Medusa, a local monster whose stare turned men to stone, as a bridal gift.

The mission sounds impossible, but at that point, the Olympians were in charge. Seeking to aid Perseus in his slaying of the primordial monster, they provided him with the flying sandals of Hermes, a helm of invisibility from Hades, and two bronze items: a sword wrought by Hephaestus and a mirrored shield from Athena. Using those bronze weapons, the mirrored shield and sword, Perseus secretly approached Medusa, looking at her in the shield’s reflection rather than directly, and beheaded her.

But the story doesn’t end there. No, Perseus intended to bring the head back as his gift and fulfill his pledge. So, using the winged sandals to fly, he returned to the island of Seriphos, where Polydectes still intended on marrying Danaë. On the way back, he slew the sea serpent Cetus and won the hand of Andromeda. Surprising all, Perseus unsheathed the head and Polydectes, who looked upon it, was turned to stone. Perseus then, after having claimed revenge and destroyed numerous of the old kings, founded the city of Mycenae; the greatest of the Bronze Age Greek cities.

The History of the Medusa Story

The story of Perseus makes for a fun myth, but it’s also true. It’s essentially a less bloody relation of what the Indo-Europeans did to the Neolithic cities, horrific monstrosities of the Catalhöyük mold, across which they came. Horrified by demonic gods like the Gorgons, monsters whom the Neolithic cities appear to have worshipped, and sensing easy prey living in the grain-eating, sedentary cities, the Indo-Europeans butchered most of what was in sight. Not unlike Cortes and his men being sickened at the sight of Aztec human sacrifice rituals (and the Neolithics also performed such ceremonies)⁹ and so destroying the Aztecs across whom they came,¹⁰ the Indo-Europeans destroyed the great evil they came across in their chariots.

What that destruction of the demon-worshipping grain eaters meant in reality was the near-total destruction of the Neolithics and their gods, butchery and destruction on a scale worse than that of Genghis Khan. Like Perseus with his sword and shield, they used bronze weapons to do so, sailing across the Aegean and Hellas as he flew on winged sandals. Their Neolithic enemies had no counter to that then-new military technology, along with their use of the horse and chariot, and so the Indo-Europeans rolled over them like a tidal wave, bringing with them their Zeus-like Sky Father and ending the rule of the Snake, Earth Mother, and Gorgon-worshipping Neolithics.

I know that that sounds like a politically motivated myth, and indeed was co-opted by certain political movements in the 20th Century. The Nazis, of course, lionized the Europe-conquering Indo-Europeans, whom they somewhat incorrectly called “Aryans” (the splinter group that conquered Europe was the Yamnaya, the Aryans conquered India). But the communists glorified the other side of the Neolithic battle for Europe’s spirit: Marx’s co-author, Friedrich Engels, lionized the matriarchal Neolithic society.¹¹

But it is also true. In addition to the works of Professor Drews cited earlier, which deal with the issue of the Yamnaya conquest of Greece, an essay in the New Scientist describes the history of their conquest of Europe generally, referring to them as the “most murderous people of all time.” In the article, the outlet quotes Professor Kristian Kristiansen as noting that the Yamnaya were a new warrior class to appear on the scene and that with them came a “genocide” that wiped out the “communal” people who existed for millennia before them but nearly disappeared with their arrival.¹²

Similarly, The Daily Mail published an article about the Yamnaya titled, “The most violent group of people who ever lived: Horse-riding Yamnaya tribe who used their huge height and muscular build to brutally murder and invade their way across Europe than 4,000 years ago.” In that article,¹³ the outlet noted:

A brutish tribe of people who lived in the Neolithic era more than 4,000 years ago is being touted as the most violent and aggressive society to ever live.

A growing body of evidence is convincing archaeologists that the Yamnaya society ruthlessly massacred opposing societies.

It is believed the primitive society capitalised on disease, warfare and famine and unceremoniously swept through Europe, destroying entire civilisations and leaving destruction in their wake.

…

Various pieces of evidence from the archaeological record, DNA and isotope analysis and even pollen from ancient sites has found the centuries before the dominance of the Yamnaya people to be a time of great suffering.

Vast mega-settlements of the previous era had been razed to the ground after becoming a festering pit for disease and poverty.

In other words, the Yamnaya came across hellish mega-cities like Catalhöyük, cities in which malnutrition and disease were rife thanks to the crowded, squalid conditions and grain-only diets. In those cities, kings and their hundreds of women ruled,¹⁴ exploiting a vast class of what amounted to slaves under them as the Earth Mother and her monstrous children, the Gorgons and those like them, were worshipped. The Yamnaya used their brawn, built by a diet of meat and milk, along with their equine and bronze weapon technology, to destroy those festering cities and their demonic gods.

The Yamnaya were quite different, culturally, than the Neolithic farmers who existed before them. For one, were monogamous, generally, rather than either celibate or possessing a vast harem. Additionally, they were decidedly patriarchal, bringing with them primogeniture, rather than some feeble spiritual matriarchy of the sort suggested by the imagery of Catalhöyük. And they were individualistic: though they fought and existed as a hierarchical community in their war bands, they were undoubtedly a culture of strong individuals, being buried in solitary graves rather than the vast communal pit graves of the Neolithics.

Finally, and most importantly, theirs was a Sky Father culture: when they slew the Neolithics, they brought with them their sky god, Dyeus Phter,¹⁵ and established him as the head of the pantheon. He soon turned into Zeus, Jupiter, and even the Old Norse Odin.¹⁶ It was he who was the center of the Pantheon, as shown by the mythology that stemmed from him, and he who their conquest represented. Most of the other gods in the Greek pantheon existed before the “Coming of the Greeks,” particularly the Earth Mother goddess. But it was Dyeus, Zeus, whom they brought with them and whose spirit of heavenly strength and glory became the Greek spirit.¹⁷ It was conquest and glorious achievement of a Sky Father culture that they aimed for, not stagnation in the muck and mire of fetid agricultural cities filled with statues of hideous, primordial demons. It was that attitude that built Europe, and the Sky Father culture largely remained once Constantine turned the Roman Empire to the True God, that of us Christians, as the Christian God is a Sky Father, and thus the attitude remained until the decay of the present.

Paulos, describing their destruction of the Neolithic world in his essay, in which he frames Perseus as traveling with a war band to first slay Medusa and then conquer the Aegean and slay monsters across the Mediterranean, notes:¹⁸

If these divine associations are valid, and Medusa was indeed a god, then her death is a singular event, presenting even deeper contradictions. There is no other instance in Greek myth in which a god is destroyed. According to the Greeks, gods are defined precisely by their immortality and indestructibility. Even the Titans are merely confined to Tartarus after their defeat. The resolution to this problem lies in a provocative theory put forward by Robert Graves and other scholars: that the story of Perseus and Medusa refers to an actual historical destruction remembered in myth. The idea is that at some point during their expansion into the Greek peninsula the Hellenes “overran the temples of the gorgon goddess, stripped the priestesses of their masks, and took possession of them,” effectively destroying her cult and replacing it with the worship of their own pantheon.

…

This victorious war-band will go on to scour the Mediterranean. They have assumed the favor of heaven, its powers are now theirs to wield. They win brides and take revenge on their former oppressors. They destroy other monsters, especially those having to do with human sacrifice. They win crowns and found the palace-citadel of Mycenae. They establish great dynasties, which will themselves be the fount of many heroes including the mighty Heracles. From the line of Perseus' daughter Gorgophone will come Helen of Troy and the faithful wife of Odysseus, Penelope. Meanwhile behind them the gorgon culture, denuded of its prestige, collapses in on itself. From Medusa's death emerges Chrysaor, father of the men set free by Perseus' sword stroke, and Pegasus, who stands for horsemanship. In short, what Perseus has achieved is the transition of the proto-Greeks from a frustrated island-dwelling raiding culture existing at the fringes of a dominant culture into a noble race of kings with permanent belonging in the heart of the Greek peninsula, therefore laying the foundation for the subsequent flowering of all Greek culture.

So, it was a bloody process, but the execution of it is what made Europe. Particularly, it made the Bronze Age and Classical Greeks, along with the Roman patricians,¹⁹ and it is they who created “the West” as we think of it.

Modernity and the Earth Mother

The thing is, modernity is, in most of the ways that matter, closer to that Neolithic world of Earth Mother-worship than it is to the Europe of Perseus, Alexander the Great, Julius Caesar, Charlemagne, Robert Guiscard, Götz of the Iron Hand, Arthur Wellesley, or Robert E Lee. In the latter world, the values of the Indo-Europeans and their Sky Father mentality remained: honor, hierarchy, individual achievement paired with communal responsibility, and physical strength and power.

The former, however, ours, despises those values. Honor, strength, and achievement have been decried as “toxic masculinity.” Hierarchy is deemed “racist,” in most cases, and its opposite spirit, egalitarianism,²⁰ is the spirit of our times.²¹ Then there is diet: the WEF wants you to “eat the bugs”²² rather than beef,²³ there is a constant attempt from the regime to eat beans rather than beef,²⁴ and overall there is an attempt to wage wars on traditional food sources that promote muscle growth, namely meat, eggs, and dairy. Meanwhile, we’ve never been unhealthier, with Americans getting more obese, weaker, and dumber every year; such are the fruits of a Neolithic “plant-based” diet rather than an ancestral one.

And, of course, men of individual achievement and personal military force—men like Perseus or Sir James Brooke²⁵—are entirely frowned upon; Hillary Clinton destroyed Erik Prince for this reason.²⁶ The connection to Hillary leads back to the other aspect of our Neolithic present: the Longhouse and the Earth Mother. Such is what Lomez noted in his “What is the Longhouse” piece, saying:²⁷

The historical longhouse was a large communal hall, serving as the social focal point for many cultures and peoples throughout the world that were typically more sedentary and agrarian. In online discourse, this historical function gets generalized to contemporary patterns of social organization, in particular the exchange of privacy—and its attendant autonomy—for the modest comforts and security of collective living.

The most important feature of the Longhouse, and why it makes such a resonant (and controversial) symbol of our current circumstances, is the ubiquitous rule of the Den Mother. More than anything, the Longhouse refers to the remarkable overcorrection of the last two generations toward social norms centering feminine needs and feminine methods for controlling, directing, and modeling behavior. Many from left, right, and center have made note of this shift. In 2010, Hanna Rosin announced “The End of Men.” Hillary Clinton made it a slogan of her 2016 campaign: “The future is female.” She was correct.

…

Think of the litany of violations of our basic rights to personal freedom and choice over the last two years that were justified on the basis of harm reduction. The economy, our dying loved ones, our faith practices, our children's education, all of it served up on the altar of Safetyism. Think of the Covid Karen: Triple-masked. Quad-boosted. Self-confined for months on end. Hyperventilating in panic as she ventures to the grocery store for the first time in a year. Then scolding the rest of us for wanting to send our kids back to school, and demanding instead that we all abide by her hypochondria, on pain of punishment by the bureaucratic state. This person—who is as often male as female—is the avatar of the Longhouse.

The implications of the Longhouse reach yet further across the social landscape. The Longhouse distrusts overt ambition. It censures the drive to assert oneself on the world, to strike out for conquest and expansion. Male competition and the hierarchies that drive it are unwelcome. Even constructive expressions of these instincts are deemed toxic, patriarchal, or even racist.

And there is more. As Paulos notes, even the statues the regime puts up are increasingly Neolithic-looking, appearing out of the horrors of Catalhöyük and established for much the same reason: like Gaia whispering in the ear of Kronos, they want men castrated. He said:²⁸

Therefore, when wealthy and anonymous(!) donors put a statue of victorious Medusa in downtown Manhattan, they are telling you who is boss. It isn't them, you are to believe; it is "reproductive rights," "equality," "empowerment," in other words, the gods. These are represented by Medusa and other manifestations of neo-liberal kitsch: the statue of the little girl facing down the Wall Street bull, an enormous sugar statue of a fat black mammy with exposed pudenda, stiff-looking statues of Princess Diana, and even more sinister things: Cybele with 16 tits, Pachamama, faceless snake priestesses. They are telling you they believe in classical Greece aborted in the womb; a world without Homer, without Polykleitos, without mathematics or literature, without philosophy, without even grave goods. They believe in 1,000 years of poverty so long as they are allowed to trample you under foot with the help of the old gods, for progressivism has lately acquired a particularly superstitious and misanthropic character. Witches fight the patriarchy by accessing "safe and effective" birth control, the media lauds a suburban mom who joins the Satanic Temple in reaction to Justice Ginsberg's death, and coastal city-dwellers, reminiscent of Medusean mask rituals, make COVID face coverings into talismans of belonging long after their efficacy has been discredited even by official outlets.

The bad news, then, is that such is the world in which we live. Being in a world with Medusas and Minotaurs is unideal; being in one in which they rule is even worse. That’s particularly true if they’re the ones who are worshipped — as the statues of the primordial demons like Medusa, continual freak out over saving “Mother Earth” at the expense of modern civilization, and the rainbow flags that bedeck churches in the name of “tolerance” indicates is the case.

But they can be defeated. As the story of Perseus shows, the myth of Zeus defeating Kronus implies, and the archeological evidence of what the Yamnaya did conclusively proves, the smokey dens of the Earth Mothers can be burned and the Gorgon spirits within them conclusively defeated, at least for the next few centuries. We might not have a new technology as revolutionary as bronze and the chariot, but we do at least have the spirit of the Sky Father to look to.

Such restorations of the spirit are unpleasant. When Cortes found the Aztecs and their worship of the Earth Mother Coatlicue, with all the sacrifice and suffering that demon worship meant, it was unpleasant. But, at the end of it, the hellish world was destroyed and replaced with a much healthier, physically and spiritually, mindset that enabled Western excellence and glory. We’ll see if we get there again.

1. How this is generally seen: https://x.com/VDAREJamesK/status/1866566917944906108

2. https://www.firstthings.com/web-exclusives/2023/02/what-is-the-longhouse

3. Heroes Rise // Monsters Fall

4. https://monidipa.net/2020/03/07/the-mother-goddesses/

5. https://www.the-independent.com/news/world/europe/the-earth-mother-of-all-neolithic-discoveries-6275062.html

6. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Goddess_hypothesis#Development_of_the_theory

7. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seated_Woman_of_%C3%87atalh%C3%B6y%C3%BCk

8. https://www.reddit.com/r/IndoEuropean/comments/1dod8op/comment/la9phe9/?utm_source=share&utm_medium=web3x&utm_name=web3xcss&utm_term=1&utm_content=share_button

9.

10.

11. https://socialism.com/fs-article/engels-on-matriarchy-modern-science-agrees/

12. https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg24132230-200-story-of-most-murderous-people-of-all-time-revealed-in-ancient-dna/

13. https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-6865741/The-violent-group-people-lived.html

14. Paulos discussed this in the linked essay; others have noted it too, but he describes it the best

15. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/*Dy%C4%93us

16. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/*Dy%C4%93us#%22Sky-Father%22_epithet

17. AJA Klopp, a writer of Indo-European-focused fiction, wrote about this online, saying: “I would argue that really only Zeus, Poseidon and Hera were "brought" by the Indo-Europeans and even then they are heavily overwritten by centuries of worship of the pre-existing gods. Zeus is certainly a linguistic cognate of "Dyeus Pater", but when you examine the Indo-European pantheon you find strange dissimilarities. Moreover the Greek Ouranos (the divinity of the Sky) is a more appropriate analogy for Dyeus Pater, especially given Ouranos was there before the other gods. Only Chaos precedes Ouranos. Gaia is the Greek Earth-Mother, but is not so much worshipped as a god than considered a divinity of the Earth - much more akin to the Indo-European Earth-Mother. But Hera is the mother of the Gods and thus occupies most of that niche for worship as Greek culture progressed. Poseidon is a very tricky one. It is possible, I would argue, that he is related to Perqueunos**, the Indo-European god of the "Stony Skies" - read: the god of storms.”

Here: https://www.reddit.com/r/IndoEuropean/comments/1dod8op/comment/la9phe9/?utm_source=share&utm_medium=web3x&utm_name=web3xcss&utm_term=1&utm_content=share_button

18. Heroes Rise // Monsters Fall

19. An essay on their culture, and https://rightsandresponsibilitiesofrome.weebly.com/background.html

20.

21. The Rebellion of the Helots Against Liberalism's Zimbabwean Telos

22.

23.

24. https://www.wsj.com/health/wellness/american-dietary-guidelines-report-a5553e3c

25. https://x.com/Will_Tanner_1/status/1849461971755614230

26. Prince writes about this in his “Civilian Warriors” book

27. https://www.firstthings.com/web-exclusives/2023/02/what-is-the-longhouse

28. Heroes Rise // Monsters Fall